不良研究所

Learn about the Land and Peoples of 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别/ Montreal

Two diagonal purple arrows crossing one another at their center

The un-ceded lands where 不良研究所 is located hold a long and rich history of occupation and stewardship by Indigenous peoples for millennia through to the present day. Recognizing and respecting the presence of these historical and contemporary communities, and their unending connection to and care of this land, is an important step towards building trust and creating or renewing relationships.

The Haudenosaunee and Anishinaabeg peoples have long ties to what is now the Island of Montreal. Kawenote Teiontiakon is a documented Kanien鈥檏茅ha name for the Island of Montreal. The City of Montreal is known as 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别 in Kanien鈥檏茅ha, and Mooniyang in Anishinaabemowin. 不良研究所 is located closest to the Kanien'keh谩:ka Nation communities at Kahnaw谩:ke, 碍补苍别丑蝉补迟脿:办别 and Akwesasne. The Kanien'keh谩:ka Nation is a founding nation of the Haudenosaunee/People of the Longhouse (Iroquois) Confederacy which is also comprised of the Seneca, Tuscarora, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida Nations. The Hochelaga Monument on 不良研究所鈥檚 Lower Campus Field commemorates the Iroquoian village of Hochelaga visited by Jacques Cartier in 1535, which was situated in the area around Mont Royal. Beyond the Downtown and Macdonald campuses on the Island of Montreal, 不良研究所 also features four research stations in addition to the newly opened Campus Outaouais in Gatineau, Quebec.


What are the Indigenous lands upon which 不良研究所 is situated?听

碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 Territory:听Downtown and Macdonald Campuses, Island of Montreal

Anishinabeg Territory:听Campus Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec

Abenaki Territory:听Gault Nature Reserve on Mount Saint Hillaire, Quebec

Naskapi and Innu Territory:听不良研究所 Sub-Arctic Research Station in Schefferville, Quebec

Inuit Territory:听不良研究所 Artic Research Station on Grise Fiord Inuit-owned land, Nunavut

Taino (Arawak) and Kalinago (Carib) Territory:听不良研究所 Tropical Bellaires Research Station, Barbados


Land Acknowledgements

Land acknowledgements are one way of acknowledging the presence of Indigenous nations. Another important step towards reconciliation is learning about the particular communities and nations with ties to 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别/ Montreal.

Land Acknowledgement Guides

How to Make a Land Acknowledgement - 不良研究所

External Guides to Land Acknowledgements

  • - History, rationale, pronounciation guide, and FAQ of territorial acknowledgement

Pronunciation Guide

Name Phonetic Pronunciation

碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补

Haudenosaunee

罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别

Anishinabeg

Ga-niyen-ge-HAA-ga

Hoh-DEE-noh-SHoh-nee

Joh-jaw-gay

础丑-苍颈蝉丑-颈丑-苍补丑鈥-产别测

Listen to pronounciations:

  • 础丑办飞别蝉谩丑蝉苍别

Audio icon ahkwesahsne_.mp3

  • Anishinaabeg

Audio icon anishnaabeg.mp3

  • Haudenosaunee canon Rotinonshonni - The Iroquois League

Audio icon haudenosaunee_canon_rotinonshonni_.mp3

  • Io - You're welcome
  • Ionkhhisotho:kon Ratiwe:ras - Grandfather, the thunderers

Audio icon ionkhhisotho_kon_ratiwe_ras_.mp3

  • Ionkhi'nistenha tsi iohonsta:te - Our mother the earth

Audio icon ionkhinistenha_tai_iohonsta_te_.mp3

  • Ionkhihsotha Ahsonthenhnehkha Karahkwa - Grandmother, the nighttime moon

Audio icon ionkhhisotho_kon_ratiwe_ras_.mp3

  • Iotsistohkwaronion tsi tkaronhia:te听- The stars in the sky

Audio icon iotsistohkwaronion_tai_tkaronhia_te_.mp3

  • Kahihshon:a - The fruits

Audio icon kahihshon_a.mp3

  • 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别

Audio icon kahnawake.mp3

  • Kahnekaronnion - The waters

Audio icon kahnekaronnion_.mp3

  • Kaienthohsera/Tionhnhehkwen - Our sustenance (Kaienth贸hsera, 贸:ni鈥 ne Tionhnh茅hkwen 鈥 脱:苍别苍hste, Osah猫:ta, t谩non Onon鈥櫭硁sera)

Audio icon kaienthohsera_tionhnhehkwen_.mp3

  • Kaieri Nikawere:ke - Four winds

Audio icon kaieri_nikawere_ke.mp3

  • 碍补颈辞苍'办别丑谩:办补 - People of the swamp
  • 碍补苍别丑蝉补迟脿:办别

Audio icon kanehsatake_.mp3

  • Kanien鈥檏eha:ka听- People of the flint, Mohawk

Audio icon kanienkehaka.mp3

  • Katerihwai茅nstha ni n铆:'I听Ohni听- I'm a student, too

Audio icon katerihwaiensta_ni_ni_i_ohni_.mp3

  • Katewienstonhatie -听I am a student

Audio icon katewienstonhatie_.mp3

  • 碍别苍迟蝉辞苍鈥檚丑辞苍:补 - The fish life

Audio icon kentsonshon_a_.mp3

  • Kontirio - Wild animals

Audio icon kontirio.mp3

  • Kwe - Hi

Audio icon kwe_.mp3

  • KweKwe - Hi there

Audio icon kwekwe_.mp3

  • 狈颈谩:飞别苍 - Thank you

Audio icon nia_wen_.mp3

  • 狈颈谩:飞别苍 ki' w谩hi - Thanks a lot (thank you my good friend, it's dearer to the heart)

Audio icon nia_wen_ki_wahi_.mp3

  • Nia:wenkowa

Audio icon nia_wenkowa_.mp3

  • 脱:苍别苍 - Bye

Audio icon o_nen_.mp3

  • 脱:苍别苍 ki' w谩hi - Goodbye (goodbye my good friend)

Audio icon o_nen_ki_wahi_.mp3

  • Ohenton Karihwatehkwen -听Words before all else/thanksgiving address

Audio icon ohenton_karihwatehkwen_.mp3

  • Ohonte鈥檚hon:a tanon Ohtehra鈥檚hon:a - The plant life and the roots

Audio icon ohonteshon_a_canon_ohtehrashon_a_.mp3

  • Ohsw茅:ken听

Audio icon ohswen_ken_2.mp3

  • Okwire'shon:a - The trunks and the trees

Audio icon okwireshon_a.mp3

  • 翱苍别苍颈辞鈥檛别鈥櫭:办补听- People of the standing stone

Audio icon onenioteaka.mp3

  • Onkwehshon:a - The people

Audio icon onkwehshon_a_.mp3

  • 翱苍辞苍丑办飞补鈥檚丑辞苍:补 - The medicines

Audio icon ononhkwashon_a_.mp3

  • 翱苍辞苍迟补鈥檏别丑谩鈥檏补听- People of the hills

Audio icon onontakehaka.mp3

  • 翱蝉迟颈鈥檛别苍鈥檕办辞苍:补 - Bird life

Audio icon ostitenokon_a.mp3

  • 翱迟蝉颈鈥档辞苍飞补鈥檚丑辞苍:补 - Insects

Audio icon otsinonwashon_a.mp3

  • Ronterihwaienstha Ni ne鈥漞

Audio icon ronterihwaienstha_ni_nee_.mp3

  • She:kon - Hello

Audio icon she_kon_.mp3

  • Shonkawsts:'a Tiohkehn茅kha Kar谩hkwa - Our elder brother the sun

Audio icon shonkawstsi_a_tiohkehnekha_karahkwa_.mp3

  • Shonkwaia鈥檛ison听- The Creator

Audio icon shonkwaiatison_copy.mp3

  • 厂丑辞迟颈苍辞苍迟辞飞补苍别'谩:办补 - People of the big mountains
  • 罢别丑补迟颈丑蝉办补谤贸:谤辞蝉 -听People of the hemp

Audio icon tehatihskaro_ros.mp3

  • 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别 -听Montreal

Audio icon tiohtia_ke.mp3

  • Tyendinaga

Audio icon tyendinaga_.mp3

  • Wakateriwaiensta:na - I am going to school听

Audio icon wakateriwaiensta_na_.mp3

  • 奥补迟鈥檏飞补苍辞苍飞别谤谩:迟辞苍 - Welcome

Audio icon watkwanonwera_ton_.mp3

  • 奥谩丑迟补

Audio icon whata_.mp3


The Sky Dome symbol in white against a purple background.

Indigenous Nations of听罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别/ Montreal

The听Kanien'k茅ha Nation are recognized as the stewards of the land known as听罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别 or Montreal. The Haundenosaunee Confederacy, of which the听Kanien'k茅ha Nation is a part, and the Anishinaabeg peoples have strong historical ties to the area.

Visit , a map of 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别 tsi ionhw茅ntsare which was made by Karonh铆:io Delaronde, a Kanien鈥檏茅ha speaker from Kani猫n:ke, and Jordan Engel, a map-maker from Ka鈥檚konhtsher谩:kon (Rochester), to view where Kanien'k茅ha communities are located around 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别/ Montreal.

The Haudenosaunee

Learn more about the Haudenosaunee

  • The Canadian Encyclopedia has that describes Haudenosaunee (Iroquois): "The Haudenosaunee,听or 鈥減eople of the听longhouse,鈥 commonly referred to as Iroquois or Six Nations, are members of a confederacy of Aboriginal nations known as the Haudenosaunee Confederacy." The article provides a brief background and history of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.听

  • The Haudenosaunee Confederacy is comprised of six听First Nations, one of them being the 碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) nation whose territory includes听罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别, or Montreal. The other nations are the听Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, and Tuscarora.

  • 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别, the community which is located closest to 不良研究所,听is one of eight territories that make up the 碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) Nation.听Kanesatake and听Akwesasne are other nearby communities that are also part of the听碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) Nation.

The Hiawatha Wampum Belt

  • Learn more about the Hiawatha Belt听on . The Hiawatha Belt "symbolizes the agreement between the 5 original Haudenosaunee nations and their promise to support each other in unity. The central symbol is a tree (representing the Onondaga Nation 鈥 where the Peacemaker planted the Tree of Peace and under which the leaders of the Five Nations buried their weapons). Four white squares from left to right represent the Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, and Mohawk tribes."

  • The Haudenosaunee Confederacy describes the importance of Wampum Belts, as well as听this听from听The Canadian Encyclopedia.听

  • (Hint:听Scroll down to see a photo of the Hiawatha Wampum Belt on the 不良研究所 campus.)

Learn about 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别

  • Read more about the community of 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别听at .

  • Visit the Mohawk Council 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别 website for a听.

  • See .

Learn about 碍补苍别丑蝉补迟脿:办别

  • Read more about the community of 碍补苍别丑蝉补迟脿:办别听at .

  • See where Kanesat脿:ke is located .

Learn about 础丑办飞别蝉谩丑蝉苍别

  • Read more about the community of 础丑办飞别蝉谩丑蝉苍别听at .

  • See where 础丑办飞别蝉谩丑蝉苍别 is located .

The Anishinaabeg

Learn more about the Anishinaabeg

  • The Canadian Encyclopedia has that describes the Anishinaabeg: "Anishinaabeg (other variants include Anishinabe, Anicinape, Nishnaabe, Neshnab茅 and Anishinabek) refers to a group of culturally and linguistically related First Nations that live in both Canada and the United States, concentrated around the Great Lakes." The article provides a brief background and history of the Anishinaabeg language and culture.听

  • For further reading, refer to 听about the Anishinabe Nation

  • Algonquin? Anishnaabeg?

    • Although in recent years the Algonquin have resumed using the name 鈥淎nishinaabeg鈥 which they have called themselves since time immemorial, the term Algonquin was imposed on them for more than 400 years by Euro Canadians. Read more about the origin of the name Algonquin .

  • The Ojibwe, Chippewa, Odawa, Potawatomi, Algonquin, Saulteaux, Nipissing and Mississauga First Nations are Anishinaabeg.

  • Kitigan Zibi is one of the nearest Anishinaabeg communities to 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别/Montreal.

Learn about Kitigan Zibi

  • Kitigan Zibi is one of the nearest Anishinaabeg communities to 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别/Montreal. Learn more about Kitigan Zibi

  • See where Kitigan Zibi is located .

Land Maps by Territory

Visit Historical Resources听for听the Indigenous history of 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别/Montreal听and historical听maps of the land听before, during, and after colonization.听

A framed Hiawatha Wampum Belt flag sits in front of a garden at 不良研究所.

Above: The Hiawatha听Wampum Belt on 不良研究所 campus.


Terminology

Learn about appropriate terminology to refer to Indigenous peoples within the context of Canada, including the differences between First Nations, Inuit, M茅tis, and more. For more information, visit the University of British Colombia's , which some of these definitions borrow from.

"Indigenous"

  • "Indigenous is a term used to encompass a variety of Aboriginal groups. It is most frequently used in an international, transnational, or global context" (UBC).

"Aboriginal"

  • "The term 'Aboriginal'听refers to the first inhabitants of Canada, and includes First Nations, Inuit, and M茅tis peoples" (UBC).

"First Nations"

  • "'First Nation'听is a term used to describe Aboriginal peoples of Canada who are ethnically neither M茅tis nor Inuit. This term came into common usage in the 1970s and 鈥80s and generally replaced the term 'Indian',听although unlike 'Indian',听the term 'First Nation'听does not have a legal definition" (UBC).
  • There are more than 630 First Nations communities in what is now called Canada, each with its own history, traditions, and practices.

"Inuit"

  • Inuit in Canada come from Inuit Nunangat, or the Inuit homeland. Inuit Nunangat comprises four regions: Inuvialuit (Northwest Territories and Yukon),听Nunavut, Nunavik (Northern Quebec), and Nunatsiavut (Labrador).听Inuit means "the people" in the Inuit language of Inuktut. The singular form is Inuk, meaning "person."
  • "This term refers to specific groups of people generally living in the far north who are not considered 'Indians'听under Canadian law" (UBC).

"惭茅迟颈蝉"

  • "The advent of the fur trade in the historic Northwest during the 18th century was accompanied by a growing number of mixed offspring of Indian women and European fur traders. As this population established distinct communities separate from those of Indians and Europeans and married among themselves, a new Indigenous people emerged 鈥 the M茅tis people 鈥 with their own unique culture, traditions, language (Michif), way of life, collective consciousness, and nationhood" ().
  • "Distinct M茅tis communities developed along the routes of the fur trade and across the Northwest within the M茅tis Nation Homeland. This Homeland includes the Prairie provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), as well as parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, and the northern United States" ().

Is it okay to say "Indian"? Is it okay to say "Native"?

  • "The term 'Indian'听refers to the legal identity of a First Nations person who is registered under the Indian Act. The term 'Indian'听should be used only within its legal context when referring to a First Nations person with status under the Indian Act. Aside from this specific legal context, the term 'Indian'听in Canada is considered outdated and may be considered offensive due to its complex and often idiosyncratic colonial use in governing identity."
  • "The term 'Native'听is a general term that refers to a person or thing that has originated from a particular place. The term 'native'听does not denote a specific Aboriginal ethnicity (such as First Nation, M茅tis, or Inuit). In Canada, the term 'Aboriginal'听or 'Indigenous'听is generally preferred to 'Native'. Some may feel that 'native'听has a negative connotation and is outdated. This term can also be problematic in certain contexts, as some non-Aboriginal peoples born in a settler state may argue that they, too, are 'native.'"

VIDEO: "How to Talk About Indigenous Peoples"- Ossie Michelin

Inuk journalist Ossie Michelin has a friendly how-to guide about the correct terms to use when talking about Indigenous peoples.


Learning about Indigenous Cultures

Ontario Human Rights Commission

Government of Canada

The 碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 Onkwaw茅n:na Raotiti贸hkwa Language and Cultural Center

  • 听- This Center was created to preserve and enrich the language and culture of the 碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) of 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别. Their center is located in the Mohawk Territory of 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别 south of Montreal, Canada.

Learning About Indigenous Peoples

Take a Course

  • : A听12-lesson online course that explores Indigenous histories and contemporary issues in Canada. The course explores key issues facing Indigenous peoples today from a historical and critical perspective highlighting national and local Indigenous-settler relations.

Reading Materials

  • : Created by Mikana, Concordia University鈥檚 Office of Community Engagement, and the Montreal Indigenous Community NETWORK, the Toolbox provides "foundational knowledge on terminology, territories, and colonial history."
  • : A website from UBC which discusses key topics relating to the histories, politics, and cultures of Indigenous peoples in Canada.
  • : Indigenous Peoples in Canada",听by Zach Parrott, highlights demographics, history, a list of Indigenous peoples in Canada, and听educational guides.听
  • : Chapter 7, entitled "The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada",听provides a basic historical overview. This visually appealing guide offers information for all audiences.
  • :听"Stolen Lives"听is a program that walks students and teachers through an examination of the devastating legacy of Indian Residential Schools.听

Historical Timelines

  • : This web page presents key events and developments in Indigenous history, from Time Immemorial to the present day. While no timeline can be exhaustive in its coverage, the Canadian Encyclopedia听provides a broad chronological overview.

Visit the听Historical Resources听Page for more information.

Documentaries and Videos

  • - To celebrate National Indigenous History Month, here are some documentaries compiled by CBC to learn about the history of the first peoples of this land, and the activists fighting for their future.
  • -听 The Fifth Estate examines the horrific,听decades-long abuse听which took place at St. Anne's Indian Residential School in Northern Ontario.
  • - Acclaimed M茅tis filmmaker Christine Welsh presents a compelling documentary about missing or murdered Indigenous women and girls in Canada.
  • - First Contact is a TV series that takes six Canadians on a 28-day journey intended to challenge misconceptions about Indigenous peoples and communities, and to shed a light on real Indigenous experiences.
  • 听-听The National Film Board of Canada (NFB) has a section of films dedicated to Indigenous peoples.
  • - The National Film Board has a section of films dedicated to Indigenous People in Canada, particularly in Quebec and Ontario.
  • - A National Film Board documentary channel.
  • - This documentary by Alanis Obomsawin looks at听how听碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) women, children and Elders fled their community of Kahnawake out of fear for their safety听during听the height of tensions in听Oka, Quebec听in 1990.听

Podcasts

  • is a podcast hosted by Matika Wilbur (Swinomish and Tulalip) and Adrienne Keene (Cherokee Nation) exploring relationships.
  • is听hosted by Trevor Phillips, Indigenous Graduate Student Success Coordinator, showcasing听the work of both Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, scholars, artists, and community members contributing to the vibrant Indigenous Intellectual Community.
  • is a podcast hosted by Anishinaabe academic Steven Vanloffeld and Mi鈥檏maq lawyer听Glenn Wheeler.
  • 听is a three-part podcast series created by Historica Canada and hosted by听Shaneen Robinson-Desjarlais.听
  • explores Indigenous music culture.
  • is a podcast that considers relationships between Indigenous Peoples and Black Peoples on Turtle Island.
  • is the CBC radio space for Indigenous community, culture, and conversation.

Webinars

  • : The National Indigenous Cultural Safety Learning Series is an ongoing series of webinars "focused on exploring anti-Indigenous racism, discrimination and cultural safety and identifying how each informs our systems, why they persist, and how we can address them. Our goal is to facilitate opportunities for networking, collaboration and shared learning by bringing together key stakeholders from across Canada and internationally to explore, discuss, and learn about Indigenous Cultural Safety." There are 16 webinars available on the Indigenous Cultural Safety Learning Series website, including:听
    • 听with听Maria Campbell, Banakonda Kennedy-Kish & Gwendolyn Point
    • 听with Dr. James Makokis and Dr. Karina Walters
    • 听with Dr. Verna St. Denis
    • 听with Senator Murray Sinclair and Shelagh Rogers

Indigenous Awareness Weeks

Indigenous Awareness Weeks offer听students, staff and faculty the opportunity to learn about Indigenous issues and promote greater knowledge and understanding about Indigenous peoples in Canada. They take place in September of each year.

Learn More

  • They aim听to raise awareness and initiate an exchange of ideas on First Nations, M茅tis and Inuit topics within the 不良研究所 community.
  • The weeks allow听a space to privilege Indigenous voices and perspectives on campus. Since 2011, invited guests have included: academics, community members, elders and students. Topics that have been covered include health, identity, language revitalization, the Indian Act, Residential Schools, Indigenous legal traditions, Canadian policies, education, child welfare, and ways of knowing.
  • Past IAW event calendars can be viewed via the links below:

Before reaching out to Indigenous communities for guidance or research initiatives, 不良研究所 encourages students, faculty, and staff听to learn about the land,听colonialism听in the past and present, and 不良研究所's current and historical relationships with local communities.

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