Program Requirements
The Major Concentration History is a highly flexible program that emphasizes both breadth and depth, while introducing students to different historical theories and methodologies. Students select from a wide variety of courses on diverse cultures and societies around the world from antiquity to contemporary times, and also on thematic subjects such history and sexuality, imperialism and colonialism, histories of science, environmental history, and the history of thought and ideas. Students design their program to match their geographic, chronological, thematic or methodological interests.
Students wishing to complete a history program should consult a Program Adviser at the beginning of their first year, and fill out a departmental program advising/audit form. For more information, visit the program鈥檚 website at .
Important note: Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate credits may not be included in the credit requirements for history programs.
Complementary Courses (36 credits)
36 credits of HIST or cognate courses (see list below) according to the following requirements.
Distribution requirement:
-3 credits from Group A
-3 credits from Group B
-3 credits from Group C
Note: Cognate courses (see below) may not be used to satisfy the Distribution requirement
Temporal Breadth requirement:
-At least 3 credits focused on the period before 1800
-At least 3 credits focused on the period after 1800
Notes: The same course may be used to satisfy both a Distribution and Temporal Breadth requirement. HIST 299 may not be used to satisfy Temporal Breadth requirements.
Level requirement:
-Maximum 15 credits of complementary courses at the 200-level.
-Minimum 6 credits of 400- or 500- level courses.
Note: student may use at most 3 credits of HIST 498 or HIST 499 to fulfill this requirement.
Group A:
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HIST 202 Survey: Canada to 1867 (3 credits)
Overview
History : A survey of early Canada, from periods known mainly through archaeological records to the Confederation era. Social, cultural, economic and political themes will be examined.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Heaman, Elsbeth Anne (Fall)
Fall
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HIST 203 Survey: Canada since 1867 (3 credits)
Overview
History : A survey of the development of Canada from Confederation to the present day. Social, economic and political history will be examined in a general way.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Dunsworth, Edward (Winter)
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HIST 211 American History to 1865 (3 credits)
Overview
History : Introduction to the history of colonial North America and the United States up to the Civil War, in their Atlantic context.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Fall
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HIST 212 Medieval Europe (3 credits)
Overview
History : An introduction to the history and culture(s) of Europe in the Middle Ages.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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HIST 214 Early Modern Europe (3 credits)
Overview
History : Survey of European history from the Late Middle Ages to the eighteenth century.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Soroka, Hannah (Fall)
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HIST 215 Modern Europe (3 credits)
Overview
History : Survey of European history from the eighteenth century to the present.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Lewis, Brian D A (Winter)
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HIST 216 Introduction to Russian History (3 credits)
Overview
History : The longue dur茅e of Russian history from its origins in Kievan Rus and the Rurik dynasty, through the Romanov dynasty, the Soviet period, and post-Soviet developments.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Restrictions: Not open to students who have taken HIST 236.
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HIST 221 United States since 1865 (3 credits)
Overview
History : Examines the defining moments and movements in the U.S. since Reconstruction, including populism, progressivism, the World Wars, the New Deal, the Cold War, the sixties and its consequences. Emphasis on the political, social and ideological transformations that ensued.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Gabriele, Felicia (Fall)
Fall
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HIST 226 East Central and Southeastern Europe in 20th Century (3 credits)
Overview
History : Introductory survey of east central and southeastern European history from the twilight of nineteenth-century imperialism to the most recent expansion of the European Union. Consideration will be given to the two world wars and their consequences; nationalism, fascism, and socialism; and the revolutions of 1989.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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HIST 250 Making Great Britain and Ireland (3 credits)
Overview
History : Survey of the development of the multinational state in the British Isles and Ireland from antiquity to the seventeenth century revolutions. Emphasis on state making and ethnicity formation in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as English overseas territories in Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Group B:
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HIST 200 Introduction to African History (3 credits)
Overview
History : This course stresses the interactions of the peoples of Africa with each other and with the worlds of Europe and Islam from the Iron Age to the European Conquest in 1880.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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HIST 201 Modern African History (3 credits)
Overview
History : While covering the general political history of Africa in the twentieth century, this course also explores such themes as health and disease, gender, and urbanization.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Monaville, Pedro (Winter)
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HIST 205 Ancient Mediterranean History (3 credits)
Overview
History : An introduction to the history of the ancient Mediterranean world, focusing on Greek and Roman civilization.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Kleinman, Brahm (Fall)
Restriction: Not open to students who have taken HIST 275.
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HIST 206 Indian Ocean World History (3 credits)
Overview
History : An introduction to the 鈥済lobal鈥� system connecting eastern Africa, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, and the Far East, from the earliest times to c. 1900.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Campbell, Gwyn (Fall)
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HIST 208 Introduction to East Asian History (3 credits)
Overview
History : An introduction to the history of East Asian civilization from earliest times to 1600, with emphasis on China and Japan, including social, intellectual, and economic developments as well as political history.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Porter, David (Fall)
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HIST 209 Introduction to South Asian History (3 credits)
Overview
History : Charts the making of South Asian civilization, 2500 BCE- 1707 CE, through a selection of key themes and major trends. Focus on the transformation of local kinship ties into regional kingdoms and empires, the evolution of religion and the legacy of the expansion of Islam and consequent rise of Turkish, Afghan and Mughal empires in this area.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Basu, Subho; Farran, Andrea (Fall)
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HIST 210 Introduction to Latin American History
(3 credits)
Overview
History : Historical development of Latin America鈥檚 peoples through the pre-Columbian, colonial and national periods, c. 1300-2000. Introduces key historiographical debates of the subfield and emphasizes the interpretation of primary source texts (in translation).
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Blanc, Jacob (Fall)
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HIST 218 Modern East Asian History (3 credits)
Overview
History : An introduction to the history of China and Japan from the seventeenth century to the present, including modernization, nationalism, and the interaction of the two countries.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Luthi, Lorenz (Winter)
Winter
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HIST 275 Ancient Roman History (3 credits)
Overview
History : A survey of Roman history from the foundation of Rome to the fall of the Roman Empire.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken HIST 205.
Group C:
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HIST 207 Jewish History: 400 B.C.E. to 1000 (3 credits)
Overview
History : An overview of Jewish history from the period of Ezra and Nehemiah to the death of Hai Gaon, c. 1035. Focus on the experience of the Jews in Hellenistic and Islamic civilizations. Topics include Jewish sects, rabbinic literature in its various genres, the Karaite schism, and the rise of the Gaonate.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Restrictions: Not open to students who have taken JWST 216
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HIST 213 World History, 600-2000 (3 credits)
Overview
History : A thematic and comparative approach to world history, beginning with the rise of Islam and ending with globalization in the late twentieth century. Trade diasporas, technology, disease, and imperialism are the major themes addressed.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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HIST 219 Jewish History: 1000 - 2000 (3 credits)
Overview
History : The Jewish experience from the rise of the European centres to the present.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Madej-Krupitski, Urszula (Fall)
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HIST 222 History of Pandemics (3 credits)
Overview
History : A regional perspective (based on responsible instructor) to explore relevant pandemics over the long term, introducing the broader historical trends and impacts. The hidden dynamics of social, cultural, legal, and intellectual history while also helping us cope with current and future pandemics reasonably and responsibly. While providing basic medical and epidemiological information, its primary focus falls on the social and political contexts for--and responses to--each pandemic covered.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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HIST 223 Indigenous Peoples and Empires (3 credits)
Overview
History : History of Indigenous Peoples of North and South America and their early experiences of European conquest and colonization, c. 1400 - 1800.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Nawrocki, Iwa (Winter)
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HIST 224 Introduction to the African Diaspora (3 credits)
Overview
History : African history is global history. Introduction to African civilizations, starting in the medieval period, the emergence of proto-Black racial consciousness, colour/race prejudice and anti-blackness, institutions of resilience (such as spiritual systems and kinship networks), enslavement in North Africa, Mediterranean, Levant, Arabia, Indian Ocean, and Americas, and revolutionary resistance against racial tyranny.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Prerequisites: HIST 204 or consent of instructor
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HIST 238 Histories of Science (3 credits)
Overview
History : An introduction to the history of science, with attention to conceptual development and to institutional and social settings. Coverage will vary by instructor, but will include a range of periods (from antiquity to the 20th century), geographical settings, and themes (e.g. instrumentation; visualisation; experiment; science and society).
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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HIST 240 Modern History of Islamic Movements (3 credits)
Overview
History : Islamic revival in the Middle East which led to the rise of different versions of Islamic traditions and beliefs. Emphasis on the nature and character of leading nationalist and Islamic movements and their ideologues since the late 19th century.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Abisaab, Malek (Fall)
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HIST 249 Health and the Healer in Western History (3 credits)
Overview
History : The natural history of health and disease and the development of the healing arts, from antiquity to the beginning of modern times. The rise of "western" medicine. Health and healing as gradually evolving aspects of society and culture.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Kroupa, Sebestian; Schlich, Thomas (Fall)
Note: Also available to first-year medical students in their options program.
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HIST 262 Mediterranean and European Interconnections (3 credits)
Overview
History : Introduction to the cultural practices and political experiences that have shaped the Eastern Mediterranean and South-Eastern Europe examined diachronically. Topics adressed include empires and nations, religion, politics of memory and space, archeology and historical legacies, migrations.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor.
Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken HIST 462.
The course is composed of two to four interrelated seminars and includes field excursions. One section of 30 students maximum will be offered.
There is a fee of $3,300 (in 2018) for the 不良研究所 Summer Studies in Greece activity associated with registration in course HIST 262. The fee includes accommodation based on double room occupancy, meals, onsite visits, course packs and travel within Greece when associated with onsite visits. Students are responsible for their own travel arrangements and travel insurance costs.
Des frais sp茅ciaux li茅s 脿 l'activit茅 d'Etudes estivales en Gr猫ce de 不良研究所 d鈥檜n montant de $3,300 (en 2018) sont associ茅s 脿 l'inscription au cours HIST 262. Ces frais comportent l'h茅bergement sur la base d'une chambre double, les r茅pas, les visites aux sites, les coursepacks et les frais de d茅placement li茅s aux excursions/visites en Gr猫ce. Les 茅tudiants sont responsables pour leur propre le voyage vers et de Gr猫ce ainsi que pour les co没ts de leur assurance m茅dicale et de rapatriement.
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HIST 292 History and the Environment (3 credits)
Overview
History : Sketch of the history of the material aspects of human interaction with the rest of nature. Included will be a historian's view of the social, technical, and ecological implications of the great variety of activities devised by our species. Though global in outlook, this course will emphasize the relevant historiography of France, England and North America.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Giraldo-Hoyos, Martin (Winter)
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HIST 298 Topics in History (3 credits)
Overview
History : An introduction to a topic or theme in History.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Shaw, Melissa; Cadeau, Sabine (Winter)
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HIST 299 The Historian's Craft (3 credits)
Overview
History : Introduction to the discipline of history. What is history? Where is history done? How is history done? Why do history? Historical writing is emphasized. Recommended for history majors.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Anastassiadis, Tassos (Winter)
Restrictions: Open to U0 or U1 students only, except by permission of instructor
Cognate Courses (max. 6 credits)
The following non-HIST courses may be counted toward the History major concentration. Additional courses may be submitted for consideration to the Undergraduate Program Director. Faculty regulations stipulate that a course may not be counted toward more than one program.
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CLAS 303 Ancient Greek Religion (3 credits)
Overview
Classics : Focus on the history of Greek religion in the Classical Period. Particular attention will be paid to the Greek concept of divinity, local pantheons, civic festival calendars, the topography of myth and ritual, ideas concerning the afterlife, mystery cults, oracles and games and the literary representations of religion.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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CLAS 304 Ancient Greek Democracy (3 credits)
Overview
Classics : Examines the conceptual history of popular government in the context of Greek political culture, from the 6th century BCE to the Roman conquest of Greece.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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CLAS 305 Roman Religion (3 credits)
Overview
Classics : Approaches to and problems of Roman religion. The formation of religious topography, problems of religion and empire, the religious interaction between Rome and other Mediterranean peoples, the complex discourse between religion and philosophy, the reformulation of Roman religion during the imperial period, and the rise of Christianity within a pagan Roman world.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken CLAS 381.
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CLAS 345 Study Tour: Greece (3 credits)
Overview
Classics : A study of Greek history and culture through the sites and monuments of ancient Greece. Includes preparatory meetings, site and museum visits, and specialized lectures on site. A fee is charged of $2400 to cover certain travel expenses within Greece, accommodation including breakfast and entrance fees to all sites visited throughout the tour.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Prerequisites:Permission of instructor.
Course includes preparatory class meetings at 不良研究所 followed by study tour in Greece. Typically offered in alternating summers.
Students are responsible for all expenses associated with travel, accommodation, food, etc.
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CLAS 406 Greek and Roman Historiography (3 credits)
Overview
Classics : Seminar on the works of the Greek and Roman historians (in translation) who founded a new literary genre for the exploration of past and present events; interpretation of their approaches towards history and theories for their study.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Prerequisite(s): 3 credits in Classics at the 300 level or up or permission of instructor.
Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken CLAS 490.
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ISLA 305 Topics in Islamic History (3 credits)
Overview
Islamic Studies : Subject matter will vary year to year, according to the instructor. Topic will be made available in Minerva.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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ISLA 315 Ottoman State and Society to 1839 (3 credits)
Overview
Islamic Studies : The emergence and development of the Ottoman Empire from its beginnings around 1300 until the Tanzimat Edict of Reform in 1839. A trajectory of Ottoman history from a small principality to a centralized empire, then to a decentralized governmental structure. In addition to chronological developments, questions of imperialideology and the management of ethnically and religiously diverse communities across a vast territory. Exploration of the place of the Ottomans in the early modern world, and their ideological and diplomatic rivalry with other major empires.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: G眉rb眉zel, Aslihan (Winter)
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ISLA 350 From Tribe to Dynasty (3 credits)
Overview
Islamic Studies : The political and intellectual developments shaping Arab and Persian societies from the rise of Islam in the 7th century until the early mid 8th century, including the major social changes, political revolts, religious schisms, and the consolidation of lasting cultural institutions.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Fall
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ISLA 355 Modern History of the Middle East (3 credits)
Overview
Islamic Studies : Assessment of the historical transformation of the modern Middle East concentrating on its internal socio-economic changes, as well as the colonial experience and encounters with the West since the early 19th century. Examination of the historical conditions that led to the rise of nationalism, the nation-state, the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Abisaab, Malek (Winter)
Prerequisite: ISLA 210 or permission of instructor.
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ISLA 410 History: Middle-East 1798-1918 (3 credits)
Overview
Islamic Studies : A study of the Middle East from Napoleon's invasion of Egypt to the end of WWI. Emphasis will be on the emergence of nationalisms in the context of European imperialism; political, social, and economic transformation; religion and ideology; and changing patterns of alliances.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
3 hours
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ISLA 411 History: Middle-East 1918-1945 (3 credits)
Overview
Islamic Studies : The impact of WWI on Middle Eastern society and politics; the British and French mandates; the growth of nationalisms, revolutions and the formation of national states; WW II and the clash of political interests within the region.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
3 hours
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ISLA 511 Medieval Islam, 10th-12th Century (3 credits)
Overview
Islamic Studies : Socio-political, religious and intellectual developments in Muslim societies following the weakening of the Arab-Sunni Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad during the tenth century. Emphasis will be placed on the historical formation and features of the Seljuq and Buyid dynasties as well as the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Abisaab, Rula (Fall)
Prerequisites: Isla 200
Restrictions: Not open to students who have take ISLA 511D1/D2
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ISLA 516 Medieval Islam, 13th-15th Century (3 credits)
Overview
Islamic Studies : The historical circumstances surrounding the Crusades against Muslims in Greater Syria and Egypt. The socio-economic, political, and cultural transformation of Muslim society following the destruction of the Abbasid Caliphate, and the rise of the Ikl-Khanid Mongols in Iran and Iraq, as well as the Mamluks in Syria and Egypt. Emphasis will be placed on the integration of new Persian, Turkish, and Indian populations into Islamic imperial culture.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Prerequisites; ISLA 200
Restrictions: Not open to students who have taken ISLA 511D1/D2.
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JWST 240 The Holocaust (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : Consideration of the history of the Holocaust and the literary, theological and cultural responses to the destruction of European Jewry.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Madej-Krupitski, Urszula (Fall)
For detailed course content go to .
Restriction: Not open to students who have taken JWST 252 "The Holocaust"
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JWST 245 Jewish Life in the Islamic World (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : Until the early modern period, most of the world鈥檚 Jews spoke Arabic and called the Islamic world home. This course explores the Jewish experience among Muslims from the seventh century until the present. Through close readings of primary sources and historical scholarship, students will learn how Jews under Islam shaped modern Judaism, how engagement with Arabic in Islamic Spain led to the revival of Hebrew, and how the Jewish-Muslim relationship fared in the twentieth century. The course also probes themes of history and memory in light of the departure of Jews from the Islamic world in the 1950s and 1960s.
Terms: Fall 2024
Instructors: Silver, Christopher (Fall)
For detailed course content go to .
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JWST 303 The Soviet Jewish Experience (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : Sovietization both fueled the modernization of Russian Jewry and contributed to its eventual suppression. This experience will be examined from two perspectives: history and literature. The interrelationship between culture and politics and the effects of ideology and censorship on literature will be discussed.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
For detailed course content go to .
Readings in English
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JWST 311 Gender in Jewish History (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : How does the inclusion of women and issues of gender change our understanding of the Jewish past? By examining a broad range of historical sources from around the world鈥攊ncluding prayer books, letters, newspapers, novels and diaries to music, art and film鈥� this course examines this question from the Middle Ages to the present day. Major topics to be covered include: religion and spirituality, economic life, the body and sexuality, domesticity, relations with non-Jewish neighbours, and political activism.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
For detailed course content go to .
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JWST 312 Modern Jewish History (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : Exploration of major transformations to Jewish society and identity in the modern period. Topics include nationalism, emancipation, acculturation, modernity, relations with non-Jews, popular culture, and literature.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
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JWST 334 Jews and Muslims: A Modern History (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : This course examines the modern history of Jewish-Muslim relations beyond just conflict. We will look at the experience of Jews and Muslims -- as individuals and communities -- who charted new cultural territory while navigating colonialism, nationalism, war, and decolonization, through close readings of a wide variety of primary sources (including letters, memoirs, fiction, music, film, and photography) and historical scholarship.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
For detailed course content go to .
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JWST 348 Modern Jewish Studies (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : Topics in Jewish Studies. Semesters will be devoted to specific issues and periods of the Jewish Experience since 1500 and the literature produced by Jews during this period.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Halevi-Wise, Yael (Winter)
For detailed course content go to .
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JWST 365 Modern Jewish Ideologies (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : The rise and development of the various ideologies which attempt to define the Jews in historical, national and socio-cultural terms will be analyzed within the context of modern European nationalism. Selected texts of the Jewish Enlightenment, Science of Judaism, Peretz Smolenskin, Leon Pinsker, Simon Dubnow, Chaim Zhitlowsky and Ahad Ha-Am.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
For detailed course content go to .
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JWST 366 History of Zionism (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : An examination of the development of the Zionist idea, the most influential expression of modern Jewish nationalism, which led to the creation of the Jewish state. The transformation of elements of traditional Jewish messianism into a modern political ideology. Hibbat Zion, Political Zionism, Cultural and Synthetic Zionism will be discussed.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.
For detailed course content go to .
Recommended: JWST 365
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JWST 371 Jews and the City (3 credits)
Overview
Jewish Studies : Examination of Jewish life in metropolitan centres in Europe and beyond.
Terms: Winter 2025
Instructors: Madej-Krupitski, Urszula (Winter)
For detailed course content go to .
Restriction: Not open to students who have taken JWST 371D1/D2.
